Our approach will help close the gap between data-driven and theory-driven models of neural dynamics. We also characterize the space of circuit configurations giving rise to rhythmic activity in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, and use these results to derive hypotheses for underlying compensation mechanisms. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our approach on receptive fields, ion channels, and Hodgkin–Huxley models. Our method is scalable in parameters and data features and can rapidly analyze new data after initial training. We address this challenge with a machine learning tool which uses deep neural density estimators-trained using model simulations-to carry out Bayesian inference and retrieve the full space of parameters compatible with raw data or selected data features. However, determining which model parameters agree with complex and stochastic neural data presents a significant challenge. Mechanistic modeling in neuroscience aims to explain observed phenomena in terms of underlying causes.
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